Sains Malaysiana 53(10)(2024): 3499-3509

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5310-22

Fragrance Carrier Based on Zeolite-A Modified Bentonite as a Controlled Release System in Air Freshener Applications

(Pembawa Wangian Berdasarkan Zeolite-A Bentonit Terubah Suai sebagai Sistem Pelepasan Terkawal dalam Aplikasi Penyegar Udara)

ENY KUSRINI^1,2,3,*, ANWAR USMAN⁴, KARINA AYUNINGTYAS¹, LEE D. WILSON⁵, NANDY PUTRA⁶, AGUS BUDI PRASETYO⁷, ARIF RAHMAN^8, KHOIRINA DWI NUGRAHANINGTYAS⁹, SRI JUARI SANTOSA¹⁰ & ATIEK ROSTIKA NOVIYANTI ¹¹

¹Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus Baru UI, Depok 16424, Indonesia

²Green Product and Fine Chemical Engineering Research Group, Laboratory of Chemical Product Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus Baru UI, Depok, 16424, Indonesia

³Tropical Renewable Energy Research Center, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus Baru UI, Depok, 16424, Indonesia

⁴Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Negara Brunei Darussalam

⁵Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan 110 Science Place, Room 156 Thorvaldson Building, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5C9

⁶Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus Baru UI, Depok 16424, Indonesia

⁷Research Center for Metallurgy, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST, BJ. Habibie, Puspitek Area, Setu, Tangerang Selatan, 15314, Indonesia

⁸Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jakarta Timur 13220, Indonesia

⁹Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir Sutami No. 36A, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia

¹⁰Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara P.O. Box BLS 21, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

¹¹Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang km 21 Jatinangor Indonesia

Diserahkan: 25 Jun 2024/Diterima: 9 Ogos 2024

Abstract

The quality of air fresheners with low cost production can be improved by using a carrier matrix such as synthetic zeolite to increase the long-lasting properties of fragrance product by encapsulation technique. The zeolite A is considerdas a safe core fragrance carrier matrix to be able to release volatile fragrance from their pores when exposed to atmospheric humidity at room temperature. Zeolite A was synthesized from natural kaolin and was formed into tube pellets with bentonite (20 wt.%) as binder to produce zeolite A-bentonite (ZAB) cylindrical pellets composite and used as a fragrance carrier matrix with a rose essential oil (Rose damascena Mill.) as parfume model. The fresh bentonite can also adsorb the rose essential oil with adsorption capacity of 1.745 g/g bentonite (74.5%). Effects of chemical activation on zeolite-A using acid (HCl) of 0.1 M and base (NaOH) of 0.1 M were studied. The ZAB tube pelletes were found to have high adsorption efficiencies of rose essential oil. ZAB4 has the highest efficiency and was used for regeneration test studies that was carried out over 10 cycles using HCl and NaOH, where the adsorption efficiency was 94.5 and 75.4%, respectively. The activated ZAB4 composite using HCl has a long life time until more than 5 weeks and more than 10 regeneration cycles. This fragrance carrier matrix based on ZAB has significant potential for extended carrier fragrance system.

Keywords: Air freshener; controlled release; essential oil; fragrance carrier; zeolite-A

Kualiti penyegar udara dengan pengeluaran kos rendah boleh dipertingkatkan menggunakan matriks pembawa seperti zeolit ​​sintetik untuk meningkatkan sifat tahan lama produk wangian melalui teknik enkapsulasi. Zeolit ​​A dianggap sebagai matriks pembawa wangian teras yang selamat untuk dapat mengeluarkan wangian yang tidak menentu dari liang-liangnya apabila terdedah kepada kelembapan atmosfera pada suhu bilik. Zeolit ​​A telah disintesis daripada kaolin semula jadi dan telah dibentuk menjadi pelet tiub dengan bentonit (20 wt.%) sebagai pengikat untuk menghasilkan komposit pelet silinder zeolit ​​A-bentonit (ZAB) dan digunakan sebagai matriks pembawa wangian dengan minyak pati mawar (Rose damascena Mill.) sebagai model minyak wangi. Bentonit segar juga boleh menyerap minyak pati mawar dengan kapasiti penjerapan 1,745 g/g bentonit (74,5%). Kesan pengaktifan kimia ke atas zeolit-A menggunakan asid (HCl) 0,1 M dan bes (NaOH) 0.1 M telah dikaji. Pelet tiub ZAB didapati mempunyai kecekapan tinggi penjerapan minyak pati mawar. ZAB4 mempunyai kecekapan tertinggi dan digunakan untuk kajian ujian penjanaan semula yang telah dijalankan selama 10 kitaran menggunakan HCl dan NaOH dengan kecekapan penjerapan adalah 94,5 dan 75,4%. Komposit ZAB4 yang diaktifkan menggunakan HCl mempunyai jangka hayat yang panjang sehingga lebih daripada 5 minggu dan lebih daripada 10 kitaran penjanaan semula. Matriks pembawa wangian berasaskan ZAB ini mempunyai potensi besar untuk sistem wangian pembawa lanjutan.

Kata kunci: Minyak pati; pelepasan terkawal; pembawa wangian; penyegar udara; zeolit-A

RUJUKAN

Barbosa-Cánovas, G.V., Ortega-Rivas, E., Juliano, P. & Yan, H. 2005. Food Powders: Physical Properties, Processing, and Functionality. Springer Science & Business Media.

Cakicioglu-Ozkan, F. & Ulku, S. 2005. The effect of HCl treatment on water vapor adsorption characteristics of clinoptilolite rich natural zeolite. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 77(1): 47-53.

Charkhi, A., Kazemeini, M., Ahmadi, S.J. & Allahyari, S.A. 2011. Effect of bentonite binder on adsorption and cation exchange properties of granulated nano NaY zeolite. Advanced Materials Research 335-336: 423-425.

Chudasama, C.D., Sebastian, J. & Jasra, R.V. 2005. Pore-size engineering of zeolite A for the size/shape selective molecular separation. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 44(6): 1780-1786.

Edris, A. & El-Galeel, M.A. 2010. Solubilization of some flavor and fragrance oils in surfactant/water system. World Applied Sciences Journal 8(1): 86-91.

Guo, R., Bharadwaj, L. & Wilson, L.D. 2021. Adsorption studies of waterborne trihalomethanes using modified polysaccharide adsorbents. Molecules 26: 1431. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26051431

Hu, J., Xiao, Z., Zhou, R., Li, Z., Wang, M. & Ma, S. 2011. Synthesis and characterization of polybutylcyanoacrylate-encapsulated rose fragrance nanocapsule. Flavour Fragr. J. 26: 162-173.

Kaur, R., Kukkar, D., Bhardwaj, S.K., Kim, K.H. & Deep, A. 2018. Potential use of polymers and their complexes as media for storage and delivery of fragrances. Journal of Controlled Release 285: 81-95.Kusrini, E., Alhamid, M.I., Wulandari, D.A., Fatkhurrahman, M., Shahrin, E.W.E.S., Shahri, N.N.M., Usman, A., Prasetyo, A.B., Sufyan, M., Rahman, A., Nugrahaningtyas, K.D. & Santosa, S.J. 2024. Simultaneous adsorption of multicomponent lanthanide ions on pectin encapsulated zeolite A. EVERGREEN Joint Journal of Novel Carbon Resource Sciences & Green Asia Strategy 11(01): 371-378. https://doi.org/10.5109/7172296

Kusrini, E., Mualim, N.M., Usman, A., Setiawan, M.D.H. & Rahman, A. 2020a. Synthesis, characterization and adsorption of Fe³⁺, Pb²⁺ and Cu²⁺ cations using Na-zeolite a prepared from Bangka kaolin. AIP Conference Proceedings 2255: 060013. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0014317

Kusrini, E., Mualim, N.M., Rahman, A. & Usman, A. 2020b. Application of activated Na-zeolite A as a water softening agent to remove Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions from water. AIP Conference Proceedings 2255: 060012. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0014314

Muriithi, G.N., Petrik, L.F. & Doucetc, F.J. 2020. Synthesis, characterisation and CO₂ adsorption potential of NaA and NaX zeolites and hydrotalcite obtained from the same coal fly ash. J. CO₂ Utilization 36: 220-230.

Pan, R.Y.L.,You, J.F., Caravaja, G.S., Graves, S.A. & Moeller, W.R. 1997. Perfume Delivery System Comprising Zeolites. US5691303A, United States, https://patents.google.com/patent/US5691303A/en

Rahman, A., Purwanto, A., Endah, A., Handoko, E., Kusrini, E. & Prasetyanto, E.A. 2019. Synthesis and characterization of LTA zeolite from kaolin Bangka. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1402: 055057.

Rudolfi, T., Schedrina, M. & Mindlin, L. 1988. Determination of the evaporation rate of essential oils and perfumery compositions using gas chromatography. Chromatographia 25(6): 520-522.

Samadhi, T.W., Subagjo, S., Lismana, K.R. & Fuadi, K. 2011. Synthesis of g-Al₂O₃ catalyst support from kaolin of Indonesian origin. ITB Journal of Engineering Science 43(2): 113-126.

Steinemann, A. 2016. Fragranced consumer products: Exposures and effects from emissions. Air Qual. Atmos. Health 9(8): 861-866. doi: 10.1007/s11869-016-0442-z

Strzemiecka, B., Kasperkowiak, M., Łozynski, M., Paukszta, D. & Voelkel, A. 2012. Examination of zeolites as fragrance carriers. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 161: 106-114.

Tekin, R. & Bac, N. 2016. Antimicrobial behavior of ion-exchanged zeolite X containing fragrance. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 234: 55-60.

Tekin, R., Bac, N., Warzywoda, J. & Sacco Jr., A. 2015. Encapsulation of a fragrance molecule in zeolite X. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 215: 51-57.

Whiting, G.T., Chowdhury, A.D., Oord, R., Paalanen, P. & Weckhuysen, B.M. 2016. The curious case of zeolite–clay/binder interactions and their consequences for catalyst preparation. Faraday Discuss 188: 369-386.

*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: eny.k@ui.ac.id